29th Aug, 2024

Tihar Festival in Nepal 2024

- Magnificent Himalayan Treks

Nestled in the heart of the stunning Himalayan landscapes, Nepal, a land of diverse cultures and traditions, is home to a festival that is as luminous as it is heartwarming. Known by many names, such as Tihar, Deepawali, and Yamapanchak, this is the Festival of Lights that truly exemplifies the radiant spirit of Nepal. In this blog, we delve into the enchanting world of Tihar, a celebration that captures the essence of Nepal's rich heritage and spirituality.

Tihar : Festival of Lights

Tihar, often referred to as the "Festival of Lights," holds a special place in the hearts of Nepali people. It's a time when the entire nation becomes a tapestry of light, with oil lamps and candles adorning homes, streets, and temples. Tihar is a testament to the triumph of light over darkness, a visual spectacle that warms not only the coldest of nights but also the hearts of all who participate.

While the world knows it as Tihar, in Nepal, it is also fondly called Deepawali, signifying the festival's association with the glow of lamps. Additionally, it's known as Yamapanchak, a name that reflects the festival's five days of celebration. Each name carries its own unique charm, much like the festival itself, which is celebrated with a deep sense of cultural pride and tradition.

Tihar is deeply rooted in Hinduism, Nepal's predominant religion. The festival represents a spiritual awakening, an expression of reverence for deities, nature, and the bonds that connect the people to their heritage. Tihar is a spiritual journey, where each day represents a distinct facet of life, from the crow, symbolizing messengers of death, to the cow, revered as sacred, and finally to the goddess of wealth, Laxmi.

Tihar typically falls in the Nepali month of Kartik, which translates to October or November in the Gregorian calendar. This festival follows a few weeks after Dashain. While Dashain primarily revolves around the triumph of good over evil, Tihar takes on a different focus. It's a time dedicated to celebrating the bonds between people and ensuring the favor of Laxmi, the goddess associated with wealth and prosperity.

Sacred Origins of Tihar

The origin of Bhai Tika, the special ceremony that marks the bond between brothers and sisters during the Tihar festival, is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and tradition. While the exact historical origin may be challenging to pinpoint, its significance can be traced to several ancient stories and beliefs.

One popular narrative associated with the origin of Bhai Tika involves the bond between Lord Yama, the god of death, and his sister, the Goddess Yamuna. According to Hindu mythology, when Lord Yama visited his sister Yamuna, she applied a protective "Tika" on his forehead. In return, Lord Yama granted her a special blessing, ensuring her brother's protection. This story symbolizes the deep love and care between siblings and the significance of applying the Tika to offer blessings and protection.

Additionally, Bhai Tika has been celebrated in Nepal for centuries as a part of the Tihar festival. The tradition has evolved over time, incorporating cultural and regional variations, but its core essence remains the same – to honor and strengthen the bond between brothers and sisters.

While the stories may vary, the central theme of Bhai Tika remains consistent is a day of love, gratitude, and protection between siblings, celebrating the unique and unbreakable connection they share. This tradition continues to be an integral and cherished part of the Tihar festival in Nepal, embodying the spirit of love and family.

Important Days of Tihar Festival

1. Kag Tihar (Crow Tihar)

Kag Tihar, the first day of the Tihar festival, is dedicated to crows. Crows are believed to be messengers of death in Hindu mythology, and on this day, people offer them various food items such as grains, sweets, and leftovers. The act of feeding crows is considered to ward off bad omens and bring good fortune. Families place food on rooftops or open spaces, and the sight of crows descending to partake in the offerings is seen as an auspicious start to the festival.

2. Kukur Tihar (Dog Tihar)

Kukur Tihar, the second day, is a heartwarming celebration of dogs. Dogs are revered for their loyalty and special connection to Yama, the god of death in Hinduism. On this day, dogs are adorned with marigold garlands and vermillion marks on their foreheads, signifying their sacredness. People also prepare special meals for dogs, offering them delicious treats. It's a day when these faithful companions receive extra care and attention, as they are seen as protectors of homes and cherished members of the family.

3. Gai Tihar (Cow Tihar) and Laxmi Puja - Goddess of Wealth

Gai Tihar, the third day, is dedicated to honoring cows. Cows are held in the highest esteem in Hinduism for their sacred and nurturing qualities. On this day, cows are decorated with marigold garlands and adorned with vermillion marks. They are also worshipped in the form of a puja (ritual). Cows are believed to embody the divine, and their presence in households signifies prosperity and abundance. This day celebrates the essential role that cows play in the agricultural life of Nepal, symbolizing gratitude and respect for these gentle, life-sustaining creatures.

This day, Laxmi Puja, is dedicated to Goddess Laxmi, the deity of wealth, prosperity, and good fortune. Homes are illuminated with oil lamps and decorated with beautiful Rangoli designs to welcome the goddess. Families gather for the evening puja (prayer) and create a sacred space to honor Laxmi. Special offerings are made, including fruits, sweets, and coins, to seek her blessings for prosperity. This day emphasizes the importance of wealth, not just in terms of material abundance but also the richness of love, compassion, and spiritual well-being.

4. Goru (Ox) / Gobardhan Puja and Mha Puja

Gobardhan Puja, the fourth day, is dedicated to the worship of nature, particularly mountains and the environment. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of humans with the natural world. People create intricate designs using cow dung, which is symbolic of the mountains, and offer various prayers and rituals. This day reminds us of the significance of preserving the environment and maintaining harmony with nature. It's a call to respect the Earth and recognize the value of its resources.

This day often coincides with the first day of the Nepal Sambat calendar and is celebrated as Mha Puja by ethnic Newars. They believe that Mha Puja purifies the soul.

5. Bhai Tika

On the day of Bhai Tika, which typically falls on the fifth day of Tihar, sisters perform a unique ceremony to bless their brothers. They prepare a special area for the ritual, which involves applying a colorful mixture of yogurt, rice, and vermillion powder (called "Tika") on their brothers' foreheads. This signifies protection and well-being. Sisters also offer garlands (Jamara) made of barley and other gifts to their brothers. In return, brothers give gifts to their sisters as a gesture of love and appreciation. Bhai Tika celebrates the strong and enduring bond between siblings and is a heartwarming conclusion to the Tihar festival.

These five days of Tihar represent a holistic celebration of life, nature, and spirituality, making it a truly unique and soul-enriching festival.

Celebration of Tihar in Nepal

1. Decorating Homes 

Decorating homes is an essential part of Tihar. During the festival, people spruce up their houses with colorful decorations, flowers, and beautiful designs. This is done to make the surroundings look welcoming and joyful. Marigold flowers and colorful Rangoli patterns are commonly used for this purpose. The idea behind decorating homes is to create a happy and positive atmosphere that signifies the victory of light and goodness over darkness.

2. Lighting Oil Lamps 

Lighting oil lamps, known as "Diyo," is a significant aspect of Tihar. These lamps are placed all around the house, and their warm glow symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness. They represent hope, purity, and positive energy. By lighting these lamps, people invite good luck and chase away negativity. It's a beautiful way to make homes feel cozy and welcoming during the festival.

3. Making Rangoli 

Rangoli is a colorful art form where people create intricate and beautiful patterns on the ground, typically at the entrance of their homes. These patterns are made using colored rice, flour, sand, or flower petals. Rangoli is a way to welcome guests and bring good fortune. It's a joyful expression of creativity and adds a festive touch to the surroundings. People believe that the positive vibes created by Rangoli patterns help in maintaining a happy and harmonious atmosphere in their homes during Tihar.

4. Worshipping Animals 

Tihar involves a special kind of respect and appreciation for animals. On certain days of the festival, people perform ceremonies to honor animals like crows, dogs, and cows. Crows are believed to be messengers of death, dogs are considered loyal companions, and cows are seen as sacred animals. During these ceremonies, people offer them food and mark them with Tika (a red mark on their foreheads) to show gratitude for their roles in human life.

5. Applying Tika and Garland 

Applying Tika and garland is a heartfelt tradition during Tihar, especially on the day of Bhai Tika. Sisters put a special red mark called Tika on their brothers' foreheads and place marigold garlands around their necks. This symbolizes love, protection, and goodwill. Brothers, in turn, offer gifts and blessings to their sisters. It's a beautiful way of expressing the strong bond between siblings and strengthening their relationship.

6. Singing and Dancing 

Tihar is a time of lively celebrations, which includes singing and dancing. Traditional Tihar songs, known as "Deusi-Bhailo," are sung by groups of people who visit homes to sing blessings and offer best wishes. People often sing, dance, and make merry during these visits. It's a joyful and festive way of sharing happiness and bringing a sense of togetherness to the community.

7. Preparing Special Foods 

Special foods and sweets are a delightful part of Tihar celebrations. Families prepare traditional dishes like sel roti, yam, and various Nepali desserts. These delicious treats are shared among family members and friends to mark the festive spirit. Cooking and sharing these foods is a way of coming together and enjoying the flavors of the season. It adds to the joy and festivity of the entire Tihar experience.

When is Tihar Festival in 2024?

Tihar festival in Nepal in 2024 begins on 29th October and ends on 3rd November 2024.

Places to visit during Tihar

During, Tihar is one of the biggest and most important festivals in Nepal, and it's a great time to explore the natural beauty and cultural heritage of the country. Here are some popular places to visit during Tihar:

1. Kathmandu

Kathmandu is the capital city of Nepal is a cultural and historical hub. During Dashain, you can visit ancient temples and take part in various religious and cultural events. Swayambhunath (Monkey Temple) and Pashupatinath are must-visit places.

For more details: Kathmandu City Tour

2. Annapurna Base Camp

This trek in the Annapurna region offers breathtaking views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges. It's a great way to immerse yourself in the natural beauty of Nepal.

For more details: Annapurna Base Camp Trek

3. Everest Base Camp

For more adventurous travelers, trekking to Everest Base Camp can be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. The festive season adds an extra layer of cultural significance to the journey.

For more details: Everest Base Camp Trek

4. Pokhara

Known for its serene lakes and stunning mountain views, Pokhara is a great place to relax and enjoy the beauty of Nepal. During Dashain, you can experience local festivities and explore nearby trekking trails.

For more details: Pokhara City Tour

5. Chitwan National Park

If you're interested in wildlife, Chitwan National Park is a great destination. You can go on a jungle safari to spot various species of wildlife, including rhinoceros and Bengal tigers. The local Tharu community also celebrates Dashain in a unique way.

For more details: Chitwan National Park Tour

If you like trekking during the Tihar festival, it's a great time to do it because you'll get to enjoy both the best trekking weather and the fun celebrations of Tihar. For a trek to Nepal during Tihar, call/Viber/WhatsApp us at +977-9808225444 or email info@magnificenthimalayan.com.